Process for rendering material of any kind proof against the action of moisture and of chemical agents.



UNITED STATES PATENT o FioE;

ABRAHAM- KRON'STEIN, or KARLSRUHE, GERMANY;

PROCESS FOR RENDERING KATERIAD OF ANY KIND PROOF AGAINST THE ACTION OI MOISTURE AND OF CHEMICAL AGENTS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM KRON- STEIN, chemist and doctor of philosophy, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, at present residing at 95 Kriegs-strasse, Kar sruhe, German Empire, haveinve'nted a certain new and useful Process for Renderin Material of Any Kind ProofiAgainst the ction of Moisture" and of Chemical Agents, of which the following. is a specification. 1 V

This invention refers to a process :-for i111-' parting to materials of any kind, such a high degree of resistancy that they will even withstand the action of acids and dilute alkalies at an elevated temperature.

My process is based upon the pro erty of certain organicbodies to form' so id substances by prolonged heatin at an elevated temperature, which: are inso uble in the ordinary solvents, and are not attacked by the action of acids or of dilute alkalies even at the elevated temperature of about 270 degrees centigrade. uch solid and insoluble substancescanble obtained-by prolonged treating at a temperature above 100 degrees centigrade of the so-called wood-oil or tung-oil the oil expressed from the tree known as Ale'w'ites cordata or Elaeococca vem'ic'ia and to which I shall refer as wood oil in this application, the duration of the treatment necessary 'to obtain insolu'bility being. determined by the de me of tem erature employed. As a resu tof researc es about: the

nature of. the said oil:which was found to be an unsaturatedorganic com ound of etherlike constitution it has been ound that such.

substances. of almost absolute resistibility against: chemical agents and against: the ac-- tion of high heat and2whioh do not possess the dglutinous sticky appearance of ordinary our edor coa ulated wood oil,--are-also;ob-

. tained. from .ot or organic unsaturatediethe-- real com ounds and hydrocarbons which behave li e tung+oil or wood oil,suoh-:as: from allyl cinnamic-estenfromstyracine from certain hydrocarbons, :suchias styrole, cyclo entadien or mixtures of-s-these bodies and a so though of inferior-quality as compared with the pure products, from mixtures with wood oil as well'as fromzmixtures of an excess of'wood-oil with any other vegetable oils or resinsby submitting them toithe above described heating process and without Specification of Letters Patent.- Application filed larch 2, 1901., Serial No. 49,600.

tion.

Patented April 20, 1909.

the addition of solvents and without the addition of artificialdriers or other chemicals.

In order to-intimately combine the solidified and insoluble products referred to with the material or the goods to which resistibilityis tobe imparted without altering the shape or structure-of the same, the conversion into the insoluble solid: modification by therewith will always show a: certain elas-- tioity' and resiliency, no matter whether the material' has been impregnated or covered with the organic bodiescapable of-solidifica- I am thus enabled to manufacture for instance, vessels combining a high degree of resistibility with a certain? amount of1elasticity, which are particularly suitable for use in chemical manufacture, for electric aecumulators and for similar purposes, inasmuch as they resist the action ofhydrofluoric acidand of other-acids,- and of! dilute alkalies evenat sin-elevated temperature up to about 270degrees-centigrade. Since the solidification process-which is based u on: polymerizationof theorganic bodies a- 'ove mentioned, ds -a much-superior and uniform product, 1f. the heating has been effected under exclusion off'air,it is obviousthat the vessels and .materials ingeneralthus manufactured will become the more resistant, the more the access of air during the process'of manufacture has been excluded.

Those. parts of. the organic bodies referred to. and capable of solidification which arecontained imthe pores or interstices of the fibrous or porous material employed, are protected the material or vessel, and they will therefore insure the resistibility of the maternal or vessel'ito be treated,

'from the access of air by that part of the said organim bodies which covers the surface of Objects which have been submitted to the course .of manufacture above outlined, may be submitted to any desired mechanical treatment, they may for instance be worked with grinding and cutting tools and they are ca able of assuming any desired shape. In thls manner it is possible to manufacture vessels for the uses of chemical factories from cellulose or from wood pulp, which will resist the action of acids, such as hydrofluoric acid and of 40% (forty er cent.) sulfuric acid, of diluted alkalies and of solvents, such as alcohol, benzol, oil of turpentine, at an elevated tem erature even. I may also effect the soli ification only upon the surface of the material to be treated, thereby producing a firmly adhering coating upon the surface of metal and clay vessels for instance, and upon vessels made from gypsum, cement and similar porous material, such vessels being thereby protected against the eflects of acids.

' The access of air during the heating process as carried out in this instance will suflice to impart a high gloss to the said coating without the necessity of subsequent polishing.

It is evident that the above mentioned organic bodies may also be used as a resistancy imparting material, even in the state of artial polymerization by preliminary heatmg, the reaction being completed by the subsequent heating of the objects or material thus-impregnated or coated.

The rocess may also be used advantageousy for impregnating ropes, network and similar material. .ThG dUI'SLtIOD. of the heating process varies according to the nature 0 the organic substances used for impregnation and according to the degree of elasticity it is desired to produce. For material where a high degree of elasticity is essential, mixturesof wood oil'with other oils or with resins are preferably used instead of wood oil alone as ordinarily used.

The process may also be combined with the ordma varnishing or japanning processes, in w 'ch' heretofore a great deal of the valuable japan was wasted by being absorbed owing to the porosity of the material. All these japanning processes are rendered much simpler and cheaper, by first filling the pores of the material under treatment with the solidified oils or similar substances according to the present invention, and then applying the coating of japan in the ordmary manner.

It is also obvious that the organic sub stances above outlined and on the solidifica-z tion of which the resistibility of the vessels manufactured accordin to my invention de-' pends may be combine with coloring or dismfectin agents or with odorous principles of anykin whereby the material 1m regnated or treated with these mixtures become colored or assume an desired hygienic or industrial property.

0 fact that the im-, described.

pregnation has been effected by a polymerization process, insures the retaining and the efficiency of the other substances which have been added to these polymerized prod ucts. The process may for instance be carried out by proceeding in the following manner :-The material to be submitted to the treatment as above described, vessels for instance, is first saturated with the above mentioned organic bodies in a li uid state which become insoluble and solidify on pro.- longed heating, the so-called Chinese wood oil or tung oil in particular or its mixtures with solvents or of an excess of wood oil withother oils or resins'being used for this purpose. After the oil has penetrated into the material or impregnated the same, the excess of oil is removed andthe material is then heated up to 200 degrees centigrade in a suitable oven. With pure wood oil, solidification and insolubility is reached after about 8 to 10 hours heating already.

Inasmuch as the conversion into the solid and insoluble modification sets in at any temperature above 100 degrees centigrade, the duration of the treatment necessary to obtain solidification depending on the de ree of temperature employed, it will be evi ent that in case of the formation of the solid insoluble modification having been effected at a comparatively low temperature, but always exceeding 100 degrees centigrade, the ob'ects treated andimpregnated with such solidified bodies are ab e to stand temperatures considerably higher than those at which the solidification took place, that is to say such objects may be exposed without damage to temperatures u to 270 degrees centi rade even if the solid cation that is to say t e formation of the insoluble modification has been effected at a temperature only com aratively little above 100 degrees centigra e. This it has not been possible to effect by the use of any other socalled varnish forming oilsand compounds heretofore used. -Nor was it possible to'obtain a coating or to devise means for filling the poresof the object under treatment with an organic substance which would withstand the action of such high temperatures .and of stro chemicals such as acids and alkalies at sug elevated temperatures.

If the treatment and the heating process in particular are effected at the exclusion of air, the material thus. treated shows almost the original color, while if the air is admitted, the color of the product is changed to a dark. red. In this manner finished articles of any kind such as sheets or plates of wood pulp,

card board, paper, asbestos, asbestos paper 1'25 or the like and fibrous goods, such as ropes, nets, tissue of any kind, and material of cork, clay. and the like may be treated and rendereddamp proof and resistant as above pared are of great importance for the e ectrical industries, as well as in chemical factories, in the manufacture of linoleum and for washers and packing purposes, and as a protecting covering for heating tubes.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United'States, is:'

1. Theprocess herein described of filling the pores of porous material to any predetermined depth required, which consists in impregnating said material with liquid wood oil (tung oil) and subjecting the material thus containing the oil to a temperature sufiicient to convert the oil into its solid'polymeric form. 2. The process herein described, of filling the pores of heat-resisting g extending to any depth desired in the material, which consists in 1mpregnating the material from the outside surface thereof with a solidifiable mixture of wood oil and drying oils, and then applying sufiicient heat to convert the mixture of oils into a solid polymeric form.

3. The process herein described of filling the ores of orous material of any kind with a so id, fir y adhering waterproof and heat resisting filling, down to any depth of the material desired, which consists in im regnating the said material with a solidifiab e mixture of wood oil with resins, and then converting into solid polymeric form, by the action of heat, the substance retained by the material.

4. As. new articles of manufacture, porous porous material with a soli objects containing solidified heat resisting insoluble wood oil withinand upon the pores.

5. As new articles of manufacture, porous objects lmpregnated with solidified heat resisting insoluble mixtures of wood oil with vegetable oils.

6T The process herein described, of filling thep'ores of porous material, which consists in causing liquid wood .oil (tung oil) t6 enter said pores, and then converting the liquid wood oil thus contained, into its solid polymeric form.

7'. A coating process which consists in applying to the body to be coated a film of raw tung oil and then'subjecting the body thus coated to heat at a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient length of time *to transform the oil into an insoluble isomeric form.

' 8. A process of coating, which consists in mixing a body of tung or Chinese wood oil with a hydrocarbon and applying the compound to the body to be coated, and then heating the same sufliciently to transform the oil into an insoluble isomeric form.

9. A process of coating metals, which consists in aa lying to the metal a coating of tung or Einese wood oil, and heating the latter at a temperature sufficient to transform the oil into an insoluble isomeric form.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. ABRAHAM KRONSTEI'N.

Witnesses:

JACOB ADRIAN, H. HARRIS. 

